What Is Obsidian?
Obsidian is a commonly occurring naturally formed black gemstone, also known as "Dragon Crystal" or "Stone of Ten Excellences." Regarded as one of the seven treasures in Buddhism, obsidian has been historically used as a talisman to ward off evil, symbolizing friendly love and hope. It is believed to help alleviate stress, fatigue, and negative energy. Obsidian can be uniformly black or display stripes and spots. Typically black, some obsidian exhibits a non-metallic luster, while others may feature internal bubbles or crystals creating a "snowflake" effect. Occasionally, it may also display rainbow eyes or a golden sheen.
The formation process of obsidian
Obsidian is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed by the rapid cooling of magma from a volcanic lava flow. It belongs to the basalt family and is considered a non-crystalline gemstone, primarily composed of silica dioxide (SiO2). During its formation, the outer edges of the lava flow experience a rapid decrease in temperature, leading to the fastest cooling rate. As a result, the magma containing silica dioxide quickly solidifies into a mass, and obsidian is typically found in locations near the periphery of lava flows or at the base of volcanoes, often close to the coastline. Due to its unique formation process, the crystals within obsidian also contain 1%-2% water content. The special formation method imparts obsidian with a finely crystalline structure resembling glass, and when broken, it exhibits a conchoidal fracture, giving its surface a high luster and sharp edges.
Distribution of Obsidian Deposits
Obsidian is a variety of volcanic glass derived from lava, particularly a type of basaltic lava. Its distribution is widespread, mainly found in volcanic regions around the world. Examples include Hawaii in the United States, Japan, Java in Indonesia, as well as Iceland, Hungary, Sicily in Italy, Tibet in China, the former Soviet Union, Mexico, Ecuador, and Guatemala.
Types of Obsidian
Obsidian, aside from being black, can also exhibit various colors, patterns, spots, or special optical phenomena. With black as the primary base color, it can be further classified into many types in the commercial context based on the differences in appearance.
- OBSIDIAN
- RAINBOW OBSIDIAN
- GOLD SHEEN OBSIDIAN
- SILVER SHEEN OBSIDIAN
- SNOWFLAKE OBSIDIAN
- VELVET OBSIDIAN
- MAHOGANY OBSIDIAN
- CAT'S EYE OBSIDIAN